Biossensores Eletroquímicos Vestíveis para o Monitoramento da Saúde Humana: Uma Revisão

Resumo

Advances in wearable technology have been driven by the development and miniaturization of integrated circuits and smart devices. In this context, wearable electrochemical biosensors stand out for their ability to enable continuous, real-time health monitoring. The incorporation of biological components has increased the sensitivity and selectivity of these sensors, enabling the detection of ions, proteins, and other biomarkers in biological fluids. Although this is a relatively new research field that still faces significant challenges, such as result reliability, chemical interference, and manufacturing costs, wearable biosensors show strong potential to expand access to healthcare through rapid and early diagnostics. Consequently, recent scientific research has focused on the fabrication of these biosensors using a wide range of biological materials, conductive materials, and substrates, together with different printing techniques, which are important factors in ensuring good device performance. Therefore, this review addresses key aspects of wearable electrochemical biosensors reported in the literature, including their main components, fabrication techniques, biological fluids, and the challenges for their broad development and large-scale accessibility