O Centenário da Mecânica Quântica: Reflexões Sobre Seus Impactos na Química

Resumo

The year 2025 marks the centennial of Werner Heisenberg’s formulation of quantum mechanics. Beyond
explaining a wide range of natural phenomena, many of the technologies that define modern life became
possible thanks to the advances brought by quantum mechanics. Examples include diodes and transistors,
which are essential components of computers and smartphones, as well as light-based technologies such as
LEDs and optical fibers, which are vital for data transmission and telecommunications. Medical imaging
devices and navigation systems like GPS also rely on quantum principles. Today, disruptive technologies
such as quantum computing, quantum communication systems, and quantum sensors are emerging from
the ability to manipulate individual quantum systems and harness inherently quantum phenomena like
superposition and entanglement. This review article presents and discusses several examples illustrating
the impact of quantum mechanics on the different fields related to chemistry, ranging from theoretical
models used to study the electronic structure of atoms and molecules to the design of new materials.
Keywords: Quantum mechanics; quantum technologies; electronic structure; quantum confinement;
tunneling; spectroscopy