MXenes: Síntese, Propriedades e Aplicações de Carbetos e Nitretos de Metais de Transição

Resumo

MXenes are an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) materials composed of transition metal carbides
and nitrides. Since their discovery in 2011, these materials have attracted increasing interest due to their
structural diversity and outstanding properties, including high electrical conductivity, large surface area,
and redox-active surfaces. More recently, MXenes with distinct and tunable properties tailored for a wide
range of applications have been reported. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the
current state of the art of MXenes, discussing the main synthetic routes employed for their production, their
structures and fundamental properties, as well as the most widely used physicochemical characterization
techniques. Furthermore, we present a critical analysis of recent literature highlighting the most promising
applications of MXenes, including energy storage devices (supercapacitors and batteries), electromagnetic
interference shielding, chemical sensing, catalysis, and biomedical applications. Finally, we address the
current challenges, perspectives, and opportunities that are expected to guide future advances in the field
of MXenes and their applications.