Emaranhamento Quântico e a Complexidade na Estrutura da Matéria

Resumo

Quantum entanglement defies classical intuitions and hints at new possibilities for quantum science and
technology. In this brief and introductory article, we aim to give a general idea of what entanglement is and
why it matters, especially in the context of quantum chemistry. Entanglement, often described as Einstein’s
“spooky action at a distance,” refers to a type of quantum correlation in which the state of one particle
is deeply connected to the state of another, even when they are far apart. We briefly touch on concepts
such as separability and the Schmidt decomposition, mention some typical measures of entanglement,
such as the von Neumann entropy, and provide a basic overview of experimental approaches, including
Bell inequalities and entanglement witnesses. Finally, we offer a glimpse into how entanglement appears
in studies of quantum phases and molecular systems, suggesting its potential relevance to chemistry.
Keywords: Quantum entanglement; quantum chemistry; entanglement quantification; Bell inequalities.