Tecnologias Sustentáveis de Captura de CO2: Uma Breve Revisão

Resumo

Global warming has been presented as one of the biggest chanllenges of humanity. There are several initiatives led by the United Nations (UN) to reduce the problem, particularly the Conferences of the Parties (COP), which continuously encourage the scientific community to develop new technologies to mitigate the problem. In the present work we present two methods for capturing CO₂. We will discuss possibilities and potentialities of adsorption and absorption as sustainable CO₂ capture techniques. In the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development, it is essential to develop new technologies, adapted to the characteristics of the local territory, as well as the use of materials from biomass, which are discarded in the production process. For CO₂ adsorption, the materials used are contextualized, with emphasis on the use of porous carbons and N-carbons, all originating from different biomass wastes, such as coffee husks, sugarcane bagasse, among others. For CO₂ absorption, the possibilities of using atoxic and recyclable ionic liquids are discussed. For the Brazilian case, we also highlight the feasibility of using glycerol, a material considered waste from the production of biodiesel.